So viel Widerstandskraft ! Bonhoeffer lesen in kritischen Zeiten (10) – Christi Himmelfahrt, 21. Mai 2020

Erinnerungs- und Begegnungsstätte Bonhoeffer-Haus

www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de


HIMMELFAHRT: die ganze Welt mit sich hinaufgerissen zum Leben und zum Licht


TEXTE

1

DBW 11,444 ff. Predigt zu Kolosser 3,1-4,

19.6.1932 (4.S. nach Trin.), KWG, in Vertretung von G. Jacobi

Wir sind ja gar nicht alleingelassen in unserer Verlorenheit, sondern da ist einer, der hat die Grenze, die uns vom Schöpfer und vom wahren Leben trennt, überschritten, ist hereingebrochen in unseren Todesbezirk, hat unsere Leben und Sterben durchkostet bis in seine tiefste Tiefe und ist doch hindurchgebrochen durch diesen Tod, hindurch zum ewigen Vater, zum ewigen Leben, da er sitzet zur rechten Hand Gottes. Und hat die ganze Welt mit sich hinaufgerissen zum Leben und zum Licht, hat den Tod verschlungen in den Sieg, hat unser ganzes Gefängnis gefangen geführt und uns die Freiheit gebracht, die herrliche Freiheit der Kinder Gottes.“

2

DBW 12,455 ff., Predigt zu 1. Petrus 1,7-9, Himmelfahrt, KWG (Vertretung für Jacobi), 25.5.1933

Christi Himmelfahrt steht unter einem doppelten Zeichen. Sie ist der Abschied Jesu von seinen Jüngern, von der Welt, die er so liebt … Nun ist das Ende seiner Erdenzeit da. Ein letztes Stück Weg legen sie miteinander zurück – dann ist der letzte Augenblick gekommen, er legt segnend seine Hand auf sie, und dann ist er ihren Blicken entnommen. Sie sind allein. Der Vorhang ist gefallen. Er ist von der argen Welt zu seinem himmlischen Vater eingegangen. Herr, erbarme dich unser. – Freue dich, oh Christenheit, er ist zum Vater heimgekehrt, er bereitet dir die Wohnung, die Heimat in seinem Reich, er wird dich heimholen zu seiner Zeit. Warte nur … und freue dich. Er wird wiederkommen …

Luther hat einmal ungefähr so gesagt: Da er auf Erden war, war er uns fern, seit er im Himmel ist, ist er uns nah. [Luthers Sermon zum Himmelfahrtstag 1523, WA 12,562, 24-26: „Darumb hut dich, daß du dir nit also gedenkist, das er yetzund weyt von uns kommen sey, ßondern gerad widersyns, do er auff erden war, war er uns tzu ferren, ytzund ist er uns nah.“] Was heißt das? Es heißt, dass er nun nicht mehr der König der Juden, sondern der König aller Welt geworden ist; es heißt, dass er vom Himmel her sein ganzes Reich regiert und seiner ganzen Gemeinde, die über alle Welt unter Juden und Heiden verstreut ist, unsichtbar nah und gegenwärtig ist. Er ist uns nah in seiner Kirche, in seinem Wort, in seinem Sakrament, in der brüderlichen Liebe. Hier tröstet er uns Verlassene, hier stillt er immer neu unser Heimweh, hier macht er uns in unserer Gottesferne, in unserer Öde und Leere, in unserer Weglosigkeit, in unserem Alleinsein unserer Christusnähe froh. Predigtfreude, Sakramentsfreude, Freude am Bruder, das ist die Freude der glaubenden Gemeinde an ihrem unsichtbaren, himmlischen Herrn …

Himmelfahrt Christi – der Vorhang fällt, die Kirche des Glaubens wartet, das Sakrament ist ihre Freude.  – Wiederkunft Christi – der Himmel tut sich auf. Die Heimat ist da, der Durst ist gestillt. Die Gemeinde der Seligen schaut das unbegreifliche Geheimnis – Jesus Christus, Gott selbst ist ihre Freude. Noch sind wir Fremdlinge auf der Wanderschaft in langem, bangem Warten – aber die Erlösten des Herrn werden kommen mit Jauchzen, und ewige Freude wird über ihrem Haupte sein.

3

DBW 4,234 (Nachfolge, 1937)

Der gekreuzigte und auferstandene Christus existiert durch den heiligen Geist als Gemeinde, als der „neue Mensch“, so wahr er der Menschgewordene ist und in Ewigkeit bleibt, so wahr sein Leib die neue Menschheit ist …Die Einheit Christi mit seiner Kirche, seinem Leib, fordert zugleich, dass Christus als Herr seines Leibes erkannt wird. Darum wird Christus in weiterer Ausführung des Leibbegriffes das Haupt des Leibes genannt (Eph. 1,22; Kol. 1,18; 2,19). Das klare Gegenüber wird gewahrt, Christus ist Herr. Die heilsgeschichtliche Tatsache, die dieses Gegenüber notwendig macht, und eine mystische Verschmelzung von Gemeinde und Christus niemals zulässt, ist die Himmelfahrt Christi und seine Wiederkunft.

4

DBW 16,475 ff., Beilage für den monatlichen Rundbrief des pommerschen Bruderrats der Bekennenden Kirche an seine Pfarrer vom April 1940

Die Himmelfahrt Jeus hat uns ins himmlische Wesen versetzt (Eph. 2,6) … Wo er ist, da sind wir auch. Wir sind schon im Himmel mit Christus … Das Zukünftige ist gegenwärtig und das Gegenwärtige schon vergangen. So leben wir in der Kraft der Himmelfahrt Christi.

Die Himmelfahrt stellt uns zwischen Haben und Warten. Wir haben den Himmel, darum warten wir auf ihn. Wir sind ins himmlische Wesen versetzt, unser Bürgertum ist im Himmel (Phil. 3,20).

5

DBW 8,90 f., Himmelfahrtstag, 4. Juni 1943 an die Eltern

Ich hatte Euch schon einen langen Brief geschrieben, da bringt eben die Post die Briefe von Maria und meiner Schwiegermutter und damit ein ganz unbeschreibliches Glück in meine Zelle … Maria schreibt so froh über den Tag bei Euch, und wie schwer muss es trotz aller Liebe, die Ihr ihr gezeigt hat, für sie gewesen sein; es ist ein Wunder, wie sie das alles durchsteht und für mich ein Glück und Vorbild sondergleichen .. Ich wünsche es wirklich vielmehr noch um ihret- als um meinetwillen, dass diese harte Zeit nicht allzu lange dauert. Dass aber gerade diese Monate einmal für unsere Ehe unendlich wichtig sein werden, ist mir gewiss und dafür bin ich dankbar. Wie sehr mich der Brief meiner Schwiegermutter bewegt hat, vermag ich kaum zu sagen [Ruth v. Wedemeyer hatte ihm am 24. Mai 1943 geschrieben: “Ich bin so froh, dass ich die Erlaubnis hab, Dir zu schreiben, – dass die Ereignisse der letzten Wochen alle Hindernisse weggeräumt haben, – dass ich nun Dir schreiben kann als einem sehr lieben Sohn“]. Dass ich ihr zu all dem Schmerz des vergangenen Jahres [Kriegstod ihres Manns und ihres Sohns] einen solchen Kummer hinzufügen musste, hat mich seit dem ersten Tag meiner Festnahme gequält, und nun hat sie gerade diese über uns gekommene Not zum Anlass genommen, die Frist des Wartens abzukürzen und mich dadurch glücklich zu machen …  

Heute ist Himmelfahrtstag, also ein großer Freudentag für alle, die es glauben können, dass Christus die Welt und unser Leben regiert. Die Gedanken gehen zu Euch allen, zu Kirche und Gottesdiensten, von denen ich nun schon so lange getrennt bin, aber auch zu den vielen unbekannten Menschen, die in diesem Haus ihr Schicksal stumm mit sich herumtragen. Solche und andere Gedanken bewahren mich immer wieder gründlich davor, die eigenen geringen Entbehrungen irgendwie wichtig zu nehmen. Das wäre sehr ungerecht und undankbar.

KONTEXT

Zwischen sehnsuchtsvoller Vorfreude auf das freudige Wiedersehen und ungeduldigem Warten – diese heftige Spannung bestimmt das Leben Dietrich Bonhoeffers im Gefängnis. Es ist ein doppeltes Warten: auf die Wiedergewinnung der Freiheit und auf die Ehe mit Maria.

Der Himmelfahrtstag erinnert an beides: Abschied und Wiederkunft, Vorhang zu – Vorhang auf – Trennung und Aufhebung der Trennung „für alle, die es glauben können, dass Christus die Welt und unser Leben regiert“ – „so wahr er der Menschgewordene ist und in Ewigkeit bleibt“.  Der „unser ganzes Gefängnis gefangen geführt“ hat. „Wo er ist, da sind wir auch“. Denn „unser Bürgertum ist im Himmel.“ Mit uns geschehe Gottes Wille „wie im Himmel, so auf Erden“.

Weg und Wahrheit, Lebensquell, Christus Gottes bist du uns.

Du gehst uns zu Gott voraus und bereitest uns das Haus.


Memorial and Place of Encounter Bonhoeffer-Haus Berlin
www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de

So much strength to resist! Read Bonhoeffer in critical time (10)
Ascension Day, May 21, 2020

Since May 4th, small groups of up to 5 people can visit the Bonhoeffer House. This corresponds to the state regulations for museums and memorials. In addition, we keep the house “open” through the weekly blogs, in which we put Bonhoeffer texts in the historical and current context for each Sunday through Trinitatis Sunday with the aspect: »How do political resistance and mental strength to resist (resilience) belong together?« In these days, when opponents of vaccination, supporters of conspiracy theories and other anti-democrat activists claim the term “resistance” for themselves, it is all the more important–in complete contradiction to this–to perceive Bonhoeffer’s life and thinking in resistance as help for strengthening and clarifying.

With warm regards and good wishes
Gottfried Brezger, chairman


ASCENSION DAY: pulled up the whole world with him to life and to the light


TEXTS

1
DBW 11.444 ff., June 19, 1932 Sermon on Colossians 3:1-4, (4th Sunday after Trinitatis),
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche Berlin, on behalf of Gerhard Jacobi
We have not been left alone at all in our lostness; instead, there is one who has stepped across the boundary that separates us from the Creator and from true life, has broken into our territory of death, has tasted all our living and dying to its deepest depths, and has still broken through this death, broken through to the eternal Father, to eternal life, where he is seated at the right hand of God. And he has pulled up the whole world with him to life and to the light, has swallowed up death in victory, has taken our whole prison captive and brought us freedom, the glorious freedom of the children of God.

2
DBW 12.468 ff. May 25, 1933, Sermon on 1 Peter 1:7b-9, Ascension Day,
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche Berlin, on behalf of Gerhard Jacobi
Christ’s ascension has two meanings. It is Jesus’s farewell to his disciples, to the world, which he loved … Now the end of his time on earth had come. They had gone one last stretch of road to-gether–then came the final moment; he laid his hands on them in blessing, and then he was taken from their sight. They were alone. The curtain had fallen. He had left this world of evil and gone home to his heavenly Father; he is preparing a place for you, a home in his kingdom; he will take you home when his time comes. Just wait–and rejoice. He will come again …
Luther once said something like this: Since he was on earth, he was far from us, since he is in heaven, he is close to us. [Luthers Sermon zum Himmelfahrtstag 1523, WA 12,562, 24-26: „Darumb hut dich, daß du dir nit also gedenkist, das er yetzund weyt von uns kommen sey, ßondern gerad widersyns, do er auff erden war, war er uns tzu ferren, ytzund ist er uns nah.“] What does that mean? It means that now he is no longer king of the Jews but rather king of the whole world; it means that from heaven he reigns over his whole kingdom and is near, though not visible, and present to his whole church, wherever it is scattered, among Jews an heathen, through all the world. He is close to us in his church, in his Word, in his sacrament, in love among the brethren. Here he comforts us who are abandoned; here he soothes our homesickness ever anew; here he takes us who are estranged from God, who are in barren, empty places, who don’t know the way, who are alone, and makes us joyful n his Christly presence. Joy in the sermon, joy in the sacraments, joy in brothers and sisters–that is the joy of the believing church in its unseen, heavenly Lord …
Christ’s ascension–the curtain falls, the church of faith waits, and its joy is the sacrament. Christ’s coming again–heaven opens up. Home at last, our thirst is slaked–the community of the blessed sees the incomprehensible mystery. Its joy is Jesus Christ, none other than God. At present we are still strangers, wandering in the time between his ascension and his second coming, waiting long in hope and fear. But the ransomed of the Lord shall return with singing, and everlasting joy shall be upon their heads. Rejoice, O Christendom. Amen.

3
DBW 4,220 (Discipleship, 1937)
Through the Holy Spirit, the crucified and risen Christ exists as the church-community [Gemeinde], as the “new human being”. For Christ truly is and eternally remains the incarnate one, and the new humanity truly is his body …
The unity between Christ and his body, the church, demands that we at the same time recognize Christ’s lordship over his body. This is why Paul, in developing further the concept of the body, calls Christ the head of the body (Eph. 1:22; Col. 1:18; 2:19). The distinction is clearly preserved; Christ is the Lord. There are two events in salvation history, namely, Christ’s ascension and his second coming, which make this distinction necessary, these events categorially rule out any idea of a mystical fusion between church-community and Christ.

4
DBW 16,476 ff., The Ascension of Jesus Christ. A Reflection on Its Christological, Soteriological, and Parenetical Meaning, enclosed with the April 1940 monthly newsletter of the Pommeranian Council of Brethren of the Confessing Church to its pastors.
The ascension of Jesus has transposed us into the heavenly places (Eph. 2:6) and thereby orients our gaze toward heaven (Col. 3:1) … Where he is, we are also. We are already in heaven with Christ … That which is future is present, and the present already past. In this way we live in the power of Christ’s ascension.
The ascension of Jesus places us between having and waiting. We have heaven, and therefore we wait for it. We have been transposed into the heavenly places; our citizenship is in heaven (Phil. 3:20).

5
DBW 8,96 f., To Karl and Paula Bonhoeffer, Day of Ascension, June 4, 1943
I had already finished a long letter to you when, just now, the mail brought the letters from Maria and my mother-in-law and with them and indescribable joy into my cell … Maria writes with such happiness about the day with you, and yet how difficult it must have been for her despite all the love you showed her. How she copes with everything is a miracle, and for me a source of happiness and an example beyond compare … I do hope, far more for her sake than mine, that these hard times won’t last too terribly long. However, I am certain that these months will someday prove infi-nitely important for our marriage, and for this I am grateful. I can hardly express how much I was touched by the letter from my mother-in-law [Ruth von Wedemeyer had written to him on May 27, 1943: “I am so happy that I have permission to write to you-that all the obstacles have been cleared away by the events of the last weeks–that I am now able wo write to you as to y very dear son.”]. Since the very day I was arrested, I have been tormented by the
Thought of having inflicted on her even more trouble in addition to all the sorrow of the past year [Her husband and her son were killed in the war]. And now she has taken these very troubles that have befallen us as the occasion to shorten the waiting period, and with that made me happy …
Today is Ascension Day, that is, a great day of joy for all those who are able to believe that Christ rules the world and or lives. My thoughts travel to all of you, to the church and the worship services from which I have been separated for so long now, but also to the many unknown people who move through this building, bearing their fate in silence. Again and again, these and other thoughts truly keep me from taking my own minor privations too seriously. Doing so would be very unjust and ungrateful.

CONTEXT

Between longing anticipation for the joyful reunion and impatient waiting – this violent tension de-termines the life of Dietrich Bonhoeffer in prison. It is a double wait: for freedom to be regained and for marriage to Maria.
The Ascension Day reminds of both: farewell and return, curtain down – curtain up – separation and abolition of the separation „for all those who are able to believe that Christ rules the world and or lives“ – „as true as he has become man and forever remains“. Who „led our whole prison“. „Where he is, we are also „. Because „our citizenship is in heaven.“ God’s will be done with us „as in heaven, so on earth“.

Way and truth, source of life, you are Christ of God.
You lead us the way to God and prepare the house for us.

So much strength to resist! Read Bonhoeffer in critical time (10) Ascension Day, May 21, 2020

Memorial and Place of Encounter Bonhoeffer-Haus Berlin
www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de


ASCENSION DAY: pulled up the whole world with him to life and to the light


TEXTS

1
DBW 11.444 ff., June 19, 1932 Sermon on Colossians 3:1-4, (4th Sunday after Trinitatis),
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche Berlin, on behalf of Gerhard Jacobi
We have not been left alone at all in our lostness; instead, there is one who has stepped across the boundary that separates us from the Creator and from true life, has broken into our territory of death, has tasted all our living and dying to its deepest depths, and has still broken through this death, broken through to the eternal Father, to eternal life, where he is seated at the right hand of God. And he has pulled up the whole world with him to life and to the light, has swallowed up death in victory, has taken our whole prison captive and brought us freedom, the glorious freedom of the children of God.

2
DBW 12.468 ff. May 25, 1933, Sermon on 1 Peter 1:7b-9, Ascension Day,
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche Berlin, on behalf of Gerhard Jacobi
Christ’s ascension has two meanings. It is Jesus’s farewell to his disciples, to the world, which he loved … Now the end of his time on earth had come. They had gone one last stretch of road to-gether–then came the final moment; he laid his hands on them in blessing, and then he was taken from their sight. They were alone. The curtain had fallen. He had left this world of evil and gone home to his heavenly Father; he is preparing a place for you, a home in his kingdom; he will take you home when his time comes. Just wait–and rejoice. He will come again …
Luther once said something like this: Since he was on earth, he was far from us, since he is in heaven, he is close to us. [Luthers Sermon zum Himmelfahrtstag 1523, WA 12,562, 24-26: „Darumb hut dich, daß du dir nit also gedenkist, das er yetzund weyt von uns kommen sey, ßondern gerad widersyns, do er auff erden war, war er uns tzu ferren, ytzund ist er uns nah.“] What does that mean? It means that now he is no longer king of the Jews but rather king of the whole world; it means that from heaven he reigns over his whole kingdom and is near, though not visible, and present to his whole church, wherever it is scattered, among Jews an heathen, through all the world. He is close to us in his church, in his Word, in his sacrament, in love among the brethren. Here he comforts us who are abandoned; here he soothes our homesickness ever anew; here he takes us who are estranged from God, who are in barren, empty places, who don’t know the way, who are alone, and makes us joyful n his Christly presence. Joy in the sermon, joy in the sacraments, joy in brothers and sisters–that is the joy of the believing church in its unseen, heavenly Lord …
Christ’s ascension–the curtain falls, the church of faith waits, and its joy is the sacrament. Christ’s coming again–heaven opens up. Home at last, our thirst is slaked–the community of the blessed sees the incomprehensible mystery. Its joy is Jesus Christ, none other than God. At present we are still strangers, wandering in the time between his ascension and his second coming, waiting long in hope and fear. But the ransomed of the Lord shall return with singing, and everlasting joy shall be upon their heads. Rejoice, O Christendom. Amen.

3
DBW 4,220 (Discipleship, 1937)
Through the Holy Spirit, the crucified and risen Christ exists as the church-community [Gemeinde], as the “new human being”. For Christ truly is and eternally remains the incarnate one, and the new humanity truly is his body …
The unity between Christ and his body, the church, demands that we at the same time recognize Christ’s lordship over his body. This is why Paul, in developing further the concept of the body, calls Christ the head of the body (Eph. 1:22; Col. 1:18; 2:19). The distinction is clearly preserved; Christ is the Lord. There are two events in salvation history, namely, Christ’s ascension and his second coming, which make this distinction necessary, these events categorially rule out any idea of a mystical fusion between church-community and Christ.

4
DBW 16,476 ff., The Ascension of Jesus Christ. A Reflection on Its Christological, Soteriological, and Parenetical Meaning, enclosed with the April 1940 monthly newsletter of the Pommeranian Council of Brethren of the Confessing Church to its pastors.
The ascension of Jesus has transposed us into the heavenly places (Eph. 2:6) and thereby orients our gaze toward heaven (Col. 3:1) … Where he is, we are also. We are already in heaven with Christ … That which is future is present, and the present already past. In this way we live in the power of Christ’s ascension.
The ascension of Jesus places us between having and waiting. We have heaven, and therefore we wait for it. We have been transposed into the heavenly places; our citizenship is in heaven (Phil. 3:20).

5
DBW 8,96 f., To Karl and Paula Bonhoeffer, Day of Ascension, June 4, 1943
I had already finished a long letter to you when, just now, the mail brought the letters from Maria and my mother-in-law and with them and indescribable joy into my cell … Maria writes with such happiness about the day with you, and yet how difficult it must have been for her despite all the love you showed her. How she copes with everything is a miracle, and for me a source of happiness and an example beyond compare … I do hope, far more for her sake than mine, that these hard times won’t last too terribly long. However, I am certain that these months will someday prove infi-nitely important for our marriage, and for this I am grateful. I can hardly express how much I was touched by the letter from my mother-in-law [Ruth von Wedemeyer had written to him on May 27, 1943: “I am so happy that I have permission to write to you-that all the obstacles have been cleared away by the events of the last weeks–that I am now able wo write to you as to y very dear son.”]. Since the very day I was arrested, I have been tormented by the
Thought of having inflicted on her even more trouble in addition to all the sorrow of the past year [Her husband and her son were killed in the war]. And now she has taken these very troubles that have befallen us as the occasion to shorten the waiting period, and with that made me happy …
Today is Ascension Day, that is, a great day of joy for all those who are able to believe that Christ rules the world and or lives. My thoughts travel to all of you, to the church and the worship services from which I have been separated for so long now, but also to the many unknown people who move through this building, bearing their fate in silence. Again and again, these and other thoughts truly keep me from taking my own minor privations too seriously. Doing so would be very unjust and ungrateful.

CONTEXT

Between longing anticipation for the joyful reunion and impatient waiting – this violent tension de-termines the life of Dietrich Bonhoeffer in prison. It is a double wait: for freedom to be regained and for marriage to Maria.
The Ascension Day reminds of both: farewell and return, curtain down – curtain up – separation and abolition of the separation „for all those who are able to believe that Christ rules the world and or lives“ – „as true as he has become man and forever remains“. Who „led our whole prison“. „Where he is, we are also „. Because „our citizenship is in heaven.“ God’s will be done with us „as in heaven, so on earth“.

Way and truth, source of life, you are Christ of God.
You lead us the way to God and prepare the house for us.

So much strength to resist ! Read Bonhoeffer in critical time (9) May 17, 2020

Memorial and Place of Encounter Bonhoeffer-Haus Berlin
www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de

So much strength to resist ! Read Bonhoeffer in critical time (9) May 17, 2020


ROGATE: “Lord, teach us, to pray!” Praying along with Christ


TEXT A

“Lord, teach us to pray!” So spoke the disciples to Jesus. In doing so, they were acknowledging that they were not able to pray on their own: they had to learn. »To learn to pray« sounds con-tradictory to us. Either the heart is so overflowing that it begins to pray by itself, we say, or it will never learn to pray. But this is a dangerous error, which is certainly very widespread among Christians today, to imagine that it is natural for the heart to pray. We then confuse wishing, hoping, sighing, lamenting, rejoicing – all of which the heart can certainly do on its own – with praying. But in doing so we confuse earth and heaven, human being and God. Praying certain-ly does not mean simply pouring out one’s hart. It means, rather, finding the way to and speak-ing with God, whether the heart is full or empty. No one can do that on one’s own. For that one needs Jesus Christ …
If Christ takes us along in the prayer which Christ prays, if we are allowed to pray this prayer with Christ, on whose way to God we too are led and by whom we are taught to pray, then we are freed from the torment of being without prayer … We can pray only in Jesus Christ, with whom we shall also be heard …
God’s speech in Jesus Christ meets us in the Holy Scriptures. If we want to pray with assur-ance and joy, then the word of Holy Scripture must be the firm foundation of our prayer. Here we know that Jesus Christ, the Word of God, teaches us to pray. The words that come from God will be the steps on which we find our way to God …
Jesus Christ has brought before God every need, every joy, every thanksgiving, and every hope of humankind. In Jesus’ mouth the human word becomes God’s Word. When we pray along with the prayer of Christ, God’s Word becomes again a human word. Thus all prayers of the Bible are such prayer, which we pray together with Jesus Christ, prayers in which Christ includes us, and through which Christ brings us before the face of God. Otherwise there are no true prayers, for only in and with Jesus Christ can we truly pray …
At the request of the disciples, Jesus gave them the Lord’s Prayer. In it every prayer is con-tained. Whatever enters into the petitions of the Lord’s Prayer is prayed aright; whatever has no place in it, is no prayer at all. Al the prayers are summed up in the Lord’s Prayer … Luther says of the Psalter: “It runs through the Lord’s Prayer and the Lord’s Prayer runs through it, so that is possible to understand one on the basis of the other and to bring them into joyful harmony.” The Lord’s Prayer thus becomes the touchstone for whether we pray in the name of Jesus Christ or in our own name. It makes good sense, that the Psalter is very often bound together with the New Testament. It is the prayer of the church of Jesus Christ. It belongs to the Lord’s Prayer.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Prayerbook of the Bible. An Introduction to the Psalms, 1940, DBW, Vol. 5.

TEXTS B (from: Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison, volume 8)

From first awakening until our return to sleep, we must commend and entrust the other person to God wholly and without reserve, and let our worries become prayer for the other person.
Christmas Eve 1943 to Eberhard Bethge. DBW 8, 256.

MORNING PRAYER
God, I call to you early in the morning,
Help me pray and collect my thoughts, I cannot do so alone.
In me it is dark, but with you there is light.
I am lonely, but you do not abandon me.
I am faint-harted, but from you comes my help.
I am restless, but with you is peace.
In me is bitterness, but with you is patience.
I do not understand your ways, but you know [the] right way for me.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Prayers for Prisoners: Morning Prayer, November 1943, DBW 8, 194 ff.

I should talk with you sometime about prayer in time of need. This is a difficult matter, yet our misgivings when praying for ourselves are perhaps not good either … I won’t say any more about this, I can only do that in person, but that’s the way it is; it takes a crisis to shake us up and drive us into prayer, and every time I find this shameful, and it is. Perhaps it’s because so far, as such moments, I’ve found it impossible to speak a Christian word to the others. Last night when we were lying on the floor again and one man called out aloud: »O God, O God!« – he’s otherwise a pretty frivolous fellow – I couldn’t bring myself to offer him any sort of Chris-tian encouragement and comfort, but I remember looking at the clock and just saying, it won’t last more than another ten minutes. I did this without thinking, automatically, probably with the feeling that I shouldn’t use it as an opportunity for religious blackmail.
To Eberhard Bethge, January 29/31, 1944, DBW 8, 275 f.

God does not fulfill all our wishes but does keep all his promises. This means God remains Lord of the earth, preserves the church, renews our faith again and again, never gives us more than we can bear to endure, makes us rejoice in his presence and help, hears our prayers and leads us on the best and straightest path to God. But doing all these things unfailingly, God elicits or praise.
To Eberhard Bethge, August 14, 1944, for Eberhard Bethge’s birthday on August 28, DBW 8, 569.

CONTEXT (see also the Editor‘s Introduction to the English Edition of Geffrey B. Kelly)

In the introduction to the „Prayerbook of the Bible“, Dietrich Bonhoeffer unfolds his christocen-tric understanding of prayer that leads to Christ and comes from him. In Luther’s footsteps, he understands the Psalms from the Lord’s Prayer and the Lord’s Prayer from the Psalms. Christus is recognized and confessed as the one word of God in the human word (see: Theo-logical Declaration of the Barmen Confession Synod of May 31, 1934, Thesis 1).

The exclusivity of the confession to Christ is experienced by Jews in Christian-Jewish dialogue and people who belong to another or no religion, as an appropriation or even as an exclusion. In his letter to Eberhard Bethge of April 30, 1944, Dietrich Bonhoeffer asks: „How can Christ be-come Lord of the religionless as well?“

It is not about excluding the “others” (this is also shown by the poem “Christians and Heathens” with the conclusion: “and forgives them both”), but rather about including them by unlocking the doors that separate us. Bonhoeffer’s question is an echo of the Pauline message of overcom-ing the fence between the Jewish people and the other peoples „in Christ Jesus“ (Galatians 3:28; Ephesians 2:11 ff.). The crucified one is “the peace” as the risen one. „Jesus Christ has brought all hardship, all joy, all thanks and all hope of people before God.“ The „Lord“ being of Christ is to be understood as a dialectical-dynamic conversion („Metanoia“): If we allow “to be pulled into walking the path that Jesus walks, … into the – messianic – suffering of God in Jesus Christ” (letter of July 18, 1944 to Eberhard Bethge), he will liberate us from the smallness of our “own needs, questions, sins, fears” and take us in the greatness of his prayer so that “God’s will be done on earth, as it is in heaven”.
When Christ the “Bread of Life” (John 6:35) prays with us, the request for “our daily bread” be-comes the request for the preservation of the life of others, wherever.

So viel Widerstandskraft ! Bonhoeffer lesen in kritischen Zeiten (9) Zum Sonntag ROGATE, 17. Mai 2020

Erinnerungs- und Begegnungsstätte Bonhoeffer-Haus
www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de


ROGATE („Betet!“): „Herr lehre uns beten!“ Lukas 11,1


TEXT A (aus „Das Gebetbuch der Bibel“, 1940, DBW 5, 103 ff.)

„Herr, lehre uns beten!“ So sprachen die Jünger zu Jesus. Sie bekannten damit, dass sie von sich aus nicht zu beten vermochten. Sie mussten es lernen. Beten-lernen, das klingt uns wider-spruchsvoll. Entweder ist das Herz so übervoll, dass es von selbst zu beten anfängt, sagen wir, oder es wird nie beten lernen. Das ist aber ein gefährlicher Irrtum, der heute freilich weit in der Christenheit verbreitet ist, als könne das Herz von Natur aus beten. Wir verwechseln dann Wünschen, Hoffen, Seufzen, Klagen, Jubeln – das alles kann das Herz ja von sich aus – mit Beten. Damit aber verwechseln wir Erde und Himmel, Mensch und Gott. Beten heißt ja nicht einfach das Herz ausschütten, sondern es heißt, mit seinem erfüllten oder auch leeren Herzen den Weg zu Gott zu finden und mit ihm reden. Das kann kein Mensch von sich aus, dazu braucht er Jesus Christus …
Wenn er uns mit in sein Gebet hineinnimmt, wenn wir sein Gebet mitbeten dürfen, wenn er uns auf seinem Wege zu Gott mit hinaufführt und uns beten lehrt, dann sind wir von der Qual der Gebetslosigkeit befreit. … Nur in Jesus Christus können wir beten, mit ihm werden auch wir erhört …
Wollen wir mit Gewissheit und Freude beten, so wird das Wort der Heiligen Schrift der feste Grund unseres Gebetes sein müssen. Hier wissen wir, dass Jesus Christus, das Wort Gottes, uns beten lehrt. Die Worte, die von Gott kommen, werden die Stufen sein, auf denen wir zu Gott finden …
Jesus Christus hat alle Not, alle Freude, allen Dank und alle Hoffnung der Menschen vor Gott gebracht. In seinem Munde wird das Menschenwort zum Gotteswort, und wenn wir sein Gebet mitbeten, wird wiederum das Gotteswort zum Menschenwort …
Auf die Bitte der Jünger hat Jesus ihnen das Vaterunser gegeben. In ihm ist alles Beten enthal-ten. Was in die Bitten des Vaterunsers eingeht, ist recht gebetet, was in ihnen keinen Raum hat, ist kein Gebet. Alle Gebete der Heiligen Schrift sind im Vaterunser zusammengefasst … So wird das Vaterunser zum Prüfstein dafür, ob wir im Namen Jesu Christi beten oder im eigenen Na-men. Es hat darum guten Sinn, wenn der Psalter in unser Neues Testament meist mit hineinge-bunden wird. Er ist das Gebet der Gemeinde Jesu Christi, er gehört zum Vaterunser.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, aus der Einleitung zu: Das Gebetbuch der Bibel. Eine Einführung in die Psalmen, 1940, Dietrich Bonhoeffer-Werke, DBW 5, 103 ff.

TEXTE B (aus „Widerstand und Ergebung, Dietrich Bonhoeffer Werke, Band 8)

Vom ersten Aufwachen bis zum Einschlafen müssen wir den anderen Menschen ganz und gar Gott befehlen und ihm überlassen, und aus unseren Sorgen um den Andren Gebete für ihn werden lassen.
Heilig Abend 1943 an Eberhard Bethge. DBW 8, 256.

MORGENGEBET
Gott, zu dir rufe ich am frühen Morgen
hilf mir beten und meine Gedanken sammeln;
ich kann es nicht allein.
In mir ist es finster, aber bei dir ist Licht
ich bin einsam, aber du verlässt mich nicht
ich bin kleinmütig, aber bei dir ist Hilfe
ich bin unruhig, aber bei dir ist Frieden
in mir ist Bitterkeit, aber bei dir ist die Geduld
ich verstehe deine Wege nicht aber du weißt den [rechten] Weg für mich.
Gebete für Gefangene für Morgen, Abend und besondere Not, auf Bitte des Gefängnispfarrers Harald Poelchau von Dietrich Bonhoeffer im November 1943 aufgeschrieben, DBW 8, 204 ff.

[Ich muss] einmal mit Dir über das Gebet in der Not sprechen. Es ist eine schwierige Sache und doch ist das Misstrauen, mit dem wir es bei uns selbst begleiten, vielleicht auch nicht gut … Ich will nicht mehr darüber sagen, das geht nur mündlich, – aber es ist eben doch so, dass die Not kommen muss, um uns aufzurütteln und ins Gebet zu treiben, und ich empfinde das je-desmal als beschämend, und es ist es auch. Vielleicht liegt es daran, dass es mir in einem sol-chen Augenblick bisher unmöglich gewesen ist, den anderen ein christliches Wort zu sagen. Als wir gestern abend [bei Bombenangriffen] wieder auf dem Fußboden lagen und einer ver-nehmlich: „ach Gott, ach Gott!“ rief – sonst ein sehr leichtfertiger Geselle – brachte ich es nicht über mich, ihn irgendwie christlich zu ermutigen und zu trösten, sondern ich weiß, dass ich nach der Uhr sah und nur sagte: „es dauert höchstens noch 10 Minuten. Das geschah nicht mit Überlegung, sondern von selbst und wohl aus dem Gefühl heraus, diesen Augenblick nicht zu religiösen Erpressungen benutzen zu dürfen.
Brief an Eberhard Bethge, 29./31. Januar 1944, DBW 300f.

Nicht alle unsere Wünsche, aber alle seine Verheißungen erfüllt Gott, d.h. er bleibt der Herr der Erde, er erhält seine Kirche, er schenkt uns immer neuen Glauben, er legt uns nie mehr auf, als wir tragen können, macht uns seiner Nähe und Hilfe froh, erhört unsere Gebete und führt uns auf dem besten und geradesten Wege zu sich. Indem Gott dies gewiss tut, schafft er sich durch uns Lob.
Brief vom 14. August 1944 zum Geburtstag von Eberhard Bethge am 28. August. DBW 8, 569.

KONTEXT

In der Einleitung zum „Gebetbuch der Bibel“ entfaltet Dietrich Bonhoeffer sein christozentri-sches Verständnis des Gebets, das zu Christus hin führt und von ihm her kommt. Christus wird als das eine Wort Gottes im Menschenwort erkannt und bekannt (vgl. Theologische Erklärung der Barmer Bekenntnissynode vom 31. Mai 1934, These 1).

Die Ausschließlichkeit des Bekenntnisses zu Christus erfahren Juden im christlich-jüdischen Dialog und Menschen, die einer anderen oder keiner Religion angehören, als Vereinnahmung oder gar als Ausschluss. Dietrich Bonhoeffer fragt in seinem Brief an Eberhard Bethge vom 30. April 1944: „Wie kann Christus der Herr auch der Religionslosen werden?“

Dabei geht es nicht um das Ausschließen der „Andern“ (das zeigt auch das Gedicht „Christen und Heiden“ mit dem Schluss: „und vergibt ihnen beiden“), sondern um das Aufschließen der Türen, die uns trennen. Bonhoeffers Frage ist ein Widerhall der paulinischen Botschaft von der Überwin-dung des Zauns zwischen dem jüdischen Volk und den anderen Völkern „in Christus Jesus“ (Ga-laterbrief 3,28; Epheserbrief 2,11 ff.). Der Gekreuzigte ist als der Auferstandene „der Friede“. „Je-sus Christus hat alle Not, alle Freude, allen Dank und alle Hoffnung der Menschen vor Gott ge-bracht.“ Das „Herr“-Sein Christi ist als dialektisch-dynamische Umkehr („Metanoia“) zu verstehen: Wenn wir uns „in den Weg Jesu mithineinreißen lassen“, „in das – messianische – Leiden Gottes in Jesus Christus“ (Brief vom 18. Juli 1944 an Eberhard Bethge), wird er uns aus der Enge unse-rer „eigenen Nöte, Fragen, Sünden, Ängste“ befreien und hineinnehmen in die Weite seines Ge-bets, damit Gottes Wille geschehe, „wie im Himmel, so auf Erden“.

Wenn Christus, das „Brot des Lebens“ (Johannes 6,35) mit uns betet, wird aus der Bitte um „unser täglich Brot“ die Bitte um die Bewahrung des Lebens auch der Andern, wo auch immer.


Memorial and Place of Encounter Bonhoeffer-Haus Berlin
www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de

So much strength to resist ! Read Bonhoeffer in critical time (9)
May 17, 2020

Since May 4th, small groups of up to 5 people can visit the Bonhoeffer House. This corre-sponds to the state regulations for museums and memorials. In addition, we keep the house “open” through the weekly blogs, in which we put Bonhoeffer texts in the historical and current context for each Sunday through Trinitatis Sunday with the aspect: »How do political resistance and mental strength to resist (resilience) belong together?« In these days, when opponents of vaccination, supporters of conspiracy theories and other anti-democrat activists claim the term “resistance” for themselves, it is all the more important – in complete contradiction to this – to perceive Bonhoeffer’s life and thinking in resistance as help for strengthening and clarifying.

With warm regards and good wishes
Gottfried Brezger, chairman


ROGATE: “Lord, teach us, to pray!” Praying along with Christ


TEXT A

“Lord, teach us to pray!” So spoke the disciples to Jesus. In doing so, they were acknowledging that they were not able to pray on their own: they had to learn. »To learn to pray« sounds con-tradictory to us. Either the heart is so overflowing that it begins to pray by itself, we say, or it will never learn to pray. But this is a dangerous error, which is certainly very widespread among Christians today, to imagine that it is natural for the heart to pray. We then confuse wishing, hoping, sighing, lamenting, rejoicing – all of which the heart can certainly do on its own – with praying. But in doing so we confuse earth and heaven, human being and God. Praying certain-ly does not mean simply pouring out one’s hart. It means, rather, finding the way to and speak-ing with God, whether the heart is full or empty. No one can do that on one’s own. For that one needs Jesus Christ …
If Christ takes us along in the prayer which Christ prays, if we are allowed to pray this prayer with Christ, on whose way to God we too are led and by whom we are taught to pray, then we are freed from the torment of being without prayer … We can pray only in Jesus Christ, with whom we shall also be heard …
God’s speech in Jesus Christ meets us in the Holy Scriptures. If we want to pray with assur-ance and joy, then the word of Holy Scripture must be the firm foundation of our prayer. Here we know that Jesus Christ, the Word of God, teaches us to pray. The words that come from God will be the steps on which we find our way to God …
Jesus Christ has brought before God every need, every joy, every thanksgiving, and every hope of humankind. In Jesus’ mouth the human word becomes God’s Word. When we pray along with the prayer of Christ, God’s Word becomes again a human word. Thus all prayers of the Bible are such prayer, which we pray together with Jesus Christ, prayers in which Christ includes us, and through which Christ brings us before the face of God. Otherwise there are no true prayers, for only in and with Jesus Christ can we truly pray …
At the request of the disciples, Jesus gave them the Lord’s Prayer. In it every prayer is con-tained. Whatever enters into the petitions of the Lord’s Prayer is prayed aright; whatever has no place in it, is no prayer at all. Al the prayers are summed up in the Lord’s Prayer … Luther says of the Psalter: “It runs through the Lord’s Prayer and the Lord’s Prayer runs through it, so that is possible to understand one on the basis of the other and to bring them into joyful harmony.” The Lord’s Prayer thus becomes the touchstone for whether we pray in the name of Jesus Christ or in our own name. It makes good sense, that the Psalter is very often bound together with the New Testament. It is the prayer of the church of Jesus Christ. It belongs to the Lord’s Prayer.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Prayerbook of the Bible. An Introduction to the Psalms, 1940, DBW, Vol. 5.

TEXTS B (from: Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison, volume 8)

From first awakening until our return to sleep, we must commend and entrust the other person to God wholly and without reserve, and let our worries become prayer for the other person.
Christmas Eve 1943 to Eberhard Bethge. DBW 8, 256.

MORNING PRAYER
God, I call to you early in the morning,
Help me pray and collect my thoughts, I cannot do so alone.
In me it is dark, but with you there is light.
I am lonely, but you do not abandon me.
I am faint-harted, but from you comes my help.
I am restless, but with you is peace.
In me is bitterness, but with you is patience.
I do not understand your ways, but you know [the] right way for me.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Prayers for Prisoners: Morning Prayer, November 1943, DBW 8, 194 ff.

I should talk with you sometime about prayer in time of need. This is a difficult matter, yet our misgivings when praying for ourselves are perhaps not good either … I won’t say any more about this, I can only do that in person, but that’s the way it is; it takes a crisis to shake us up and drive us into prayer, and every time I find this shameful, and it is. Perhaps it’s because so far, as such moments, I’ve found it impossible to speak a Christian word to the others. Last night when we were lying on the floor again and one man called out aloud: »O God, O God!« – he’s otherwise a pretty frivolous fellow – I couldn’t bring myself to offer him any sort of Chris-tian encouragement and comfort, but I remember looking at the clock and just saying, it won’t last more than another ten minutes. I did this without thinking, automatically, probably with the feeling that I shouldn’t use it as an opportunity for religious blackmail.
To Eberhard Bethge, January 29/31, 1944, DBW 8, 275 f.

God does not fulfill all our wishes but does keep all his promises. This means God remains Lord of the earth, preserves the church, renews our faith again and again, never gives us more than we can bear to endure, makes us rejoice in his presence and help, hears our prayers and leads us on the best and straightest path to God. But doing all these things unfailingly, God elicits or praise.
To Eberhard Bethge, August 14, 1944, for Eberhard Bethge’s birthday on August 28, DBW 8, 569.

CONTEXT (see also the Editor‘s Introduction to the English Edition of Geffrey B. Kelly)

In the introduction to the „Prayerbook of the Bible“, Dietrich Bonhoeffer unfolds his christocen-tric understanding of prayer that leads to Christ and comes from him. In Luther’s footsteps, he understands the Psalms from the Lord’s Prayer and the Lord’s Prayer from the Psalms. Christus is recognized and confessed as the one word of God in the human word (see: Theo-logical Declaration of the Barmen Confession Synod of May 31, 1934, Thesis 1).

The exclusivity of the confession to Christ is experienced by Jews in Christian-Jewish dialogue and people who belong to another or no religion, as an appropriation or even as an exclusion. In his letter to Eberhard Bethge of April 30, 1944, Dietrich Bonhoeffer asks: „How can Christ be-come Lord of the religionless as well?“

It is not about excluding the “others” (this is also shown by the poem “Christians and Heathens” with the conclusion: “and forgives them both”), but rather about including them by unlocking the doors that separate us. Bonhoeffer’s question is an echo of the Pauline message of overcom-ing the fence between the Jewish people and the other peoples „in Christ Jesus“ (Galatians 3:28; Ephesians 2:11 ff.). The crucified one is “the peace” as the risen one. „Jesus Christ has brought all hardship, all joy, all thanks and all hope of people before God.“ The „Lord“ being of Christ is to be understood as a dialectical-dynamic conversion („Metanoia“): If we allow “to be pulled into walking the path that Jesus walks, … into the – messianic – suffering of God in Jesus Christ” (letter of July 18, 1944 to Eberhard Bethge), he will liberate us from the smallness of our “own needs, questions, sins, fears” and take us in the greatness of his prayer so that “God’s will be done on earth, as it is in heaven”.
When Christ the “Bread of Life” (John 6:35) prays with us, the request for “our daily bread” be-comes the request for the preservation of the life of others, wherever.

So much strength to resist ! Read Bonhoeffer in critical time (8) May 8, 2020

Memorial and Place of Encounter Bonhoeffer-Haus Berlin
www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de


CANTATE: O sing to the Lord a New Song!


TEXT A

O sing to the Lord a new song. The emphasis is on the word new. What is this new song, if it is not a song that makes someone a new person, when a person leaves darkness and worry and fear behind and breaks forth into new hope, new faith, new confidence? The new song is the one that awakens God’s presence anew in us- even if it is a very old song, of the God who, as Job says, “gives songs in the night.” The song of praise in the night of our lives, of our suffer-ings and our fear, in the night of our death – this is the new song …
O sing to the Lord a new song – and yet all our songs are only a reflection of the song of songs, which sings of eternity before the throne of Jesus Christ …Why should not we, here and now, look forward to that new song that will embrace us when we finally close our eyes, the purest, sweetest, hardest, and most violent of all songs … Lord, we hasten to join in your new song. Jesu juva – help us, Jesus. Amen.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Sermon on Psalm 98:1, London, Cantate Sunday, April 29, 1934, DBW 13, 353 ff..

TEXT B

As part of a series of events organized by the ‚Confessing Church‘ on the occasion of the Olympiad in Berlin, Dietrich Bonhoeffer describes »The inner life of the German Evangelical Church« as a story of the Evangelical hymn. In doing so, he contrasts Luther’s songs („they are without exception songs of the word“) with the songs of Paul Gerhardt:
His personal life was … characterized by great suffering. Bu in this way he became the great preacher of consolation and joy of his era. His hymns no longer testify to the great struggles of faith of early Christendom Luther sang about temptation and struggle; Paul Gerhardt sings, “Be satisfied and remain quiet”; Luther: The righteous one fights by our side”; Paul Gerhardt: “Keeper of my life, truly, it in in vain.” Luther sang: “Grant peace, we pray, in mercy Lord”; Paul Gerhardt: ”Command us your ways.” Luther sang about Christian celebrations with words of Scripture; Paul Gerhardt sang about Christian experience: “Why should I be troubled?” Paul Gerhardt died with one of these stanzas on his lips.

Bonhoeffer then turns his eyes to the song in Pietism with Zinzendorf and Gellert: The pietist seeks a devout life, the enlightener a reasonable life.
Regarding the revival song with Philipp Spitta and Julie Hausmann („So take my hands“), he notes:
It is an awakened religious life. But it all takes place alongside the church. It is pious poetry but not the preached word. The question is how this nineteenth-century faith will fare when genu-inely serious tribulations come upon the church. The tribulations came, and the response was the Church Struggle.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Presentation on the History of the Protestant Hymn (Student Notes), The Inner Life of the German Evangelical Church, DBW 14, 710 ff.

TEXT C

In his first letter from prison, on April 14th, Dietrich Bonhoeffer writes to his parents:
Forgive me for the worries I am causing you, but I believe that this time it is less myself than an adverse fate that is to blame. As an antidote it is good to read and memorize hymns of Paul Gerhardt, as I am currently doing.
In many letters from prison he finds refuge, comfort and clarity with Paul Gerhardt. In the first letter to his friend Eberhard Bethge, which is possible by circumventing censorship, he writes on November 18, 1943:
In the first twelve days here, during which I was kept isolated and treated as a dangerous crim-inal – to this day the cells on either side of mine are occupied almost exclusively by death-row prisoners in chains – Paul Gerhardt proved of value in unimagined ways, as well the Psalms and Revelation.
In his letter to Eberhard Bethge the day after the failed coup of July 20, 1944, Dietrich Bonhoef-fer writes:
I think you must be so often present in spirit with us here that you will be glad for every sign of life, even if our theological thoughts do preoccupy me incessantly, but then there are hours, too, when one is content with the ongoing processes of life and faith without reflecting on them Then the Daily Texts make you happy … And then returning to the beautiful Paul Gerhardt hymns makes one glad to have them in the repertoire. In the last few years I have come to know and understand more and more the profound this-worldliness of Christianity. The Chris-tian is not a homo religious but simply a human being, in the same way that Jesus was a hu-man being.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison, July 21, 1944, DBW 8, 541.

CONTEXT

Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s head and heart, the “theological thoughts” and the “ongoing processes of life and faith without reflecting on them” come together in prison. So singing becomes a ’new‘ song, “that makes someone a new person” in the “profound this-worldliness”. And so the way for his own „new“ song paves the way for him.

Paul Gerhardt songs, which are firmly established in the family tradition at festivals and during the church year, become Dietrich’s permanent hold and possession. The appreciation of the controversial orientation towards God’s Word in Luther’s songs is combined with the discovery described by Bonhoeffer in his letter of the 4th of Advent in 1943:
In these past few days I have discovered for myself the hymn »I stand her at your manger«. Up till now I had never really made much of it. Probably one has to be alone a long time and read it meditatively in order to be able to take it in. Every word is extraordinarily replete and radiant It’s just a little monastic- mystical, yet only as much as is warranted, for alongside the “we” there is indeed also an “I and Christ”, and what that means can scarcely be said better than in this hymn.

Bonhoeffer’s consolation poem for Maria and his family: „By Powers of Good“ has become a ’new song‘ for many people. It has the power to awaken hope, faith and trust in us today when we leave “darkness and worry and fear behind“ us, new.

So viel Widerstandskraft ! Bonhoeffer lesen in kritischen Zeiten (8) Zum Sonntag Kantate, 10. Mai 2020

Erinnerungs- und Begegnungsstätte Bonhoeffer-Haus

www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de


KANTATE: Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied, Psalm 98,1


TEXT A

Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied. Auf diesem Wort neu liegt der Ton. Was ist dies neue Lied anders als das Lied, das den Menschen neu macht, das Lied, das aus dem Menschen nach Dunkelheit und Sorge und Angst hervorbricht zu neuer Hoffnung, neuem Glauben, neuem Vertrauen? Das neue Lied ist das Lied, das Gott selbst neu in uns erweckt – und ob es ein uraltes Lied wäre – der Gott, der  – wie es bei Hiob heißt – „sich Lobgesänge schafft mitten in der Nacht“. Der Lobgesang in der Nacht unseres Lebens, unseres Leidens und unserer Furcht, in der Nacht unseres Todes – das ist das neue Lied …

Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied – und doch sind all unsere Lieder nur ein Abglanz von dem Lied der Lieder, das die Ewigkeit singt, vor dem Thron Jesu Christi … Warum sollen wir uns nicht schon hier freuen auf das neue Lied, das uns umfangen wird, wenn wir die Augen zu tun, das reinste, das süßeste, das härteste und das gewaltigste aller Lieder … Herr, wir eilen zu deinem neuen Lied. Jesu juva – Jesus hilf. Amen.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Predigt am Sonntag Cantate, 29.4.1934, London, DBW 13,351 ff.

TEXT B

Im Rahmen einer Veranstaltungsreihe der ‚Bekennenden Kirche‘ anlässlich der Olympiade in Berlin beschreibt Dietrich Bonhoeffer „Das innere Leben der deutschen evangelischen Kirche“ als eine Geschichte des Evangelischen Kirchenlieds. Dabei stellt er Luthers Lieder („sie sind ausnahmslos Lieder des Wortes“) den Liedern Paul Gerhardts gegenüber:

Sein persönliches Leben war von großem Leid gezeichnet. Aber so wurde er der große Prediger des Trostes und der Freude seiner Zeit. Seine Lieder zeugen nicht mehr von den großen Glaubenskämpfen  der ersten Christenheit. Luther sang von Anfechtung und Kampf, Paul Gerhardt singt: „Gib dich zufrieden und sei stille“; Luther: „Es streit für uns der rechte Mann“, Paul Gerhardt: „Hüter meines Lebens, fürwahr, es ist vergebens.“ Luther sang: „Verleih uns Frieden gnädiglich“, Paul Gerhardt: „Befiehl du deine Wege“. Luther besang die Christ[us]feste mit Worten der Schrift, Paul Gerhardt die christliche Erfahrung: „Warum sollt ich mich denn grämen“. Mit einer dieser Strophen auf den Lippen ist Paul Gerhardt gestorben.

Bonhoeffer wendet dann seinen Blick zum Lied im Pietismus mit Zinzendorf und Gellert:

Der Pietist sucht das fromme Leben, der Aufklärer das vernünftige Leben.

Zum Erweckungslied mit Spitta und Julie Hausmann („So nimm denn meine Hände“) bemerkt er:  

Es ist erwachtes religiöses Leben. Aber es geht neben der Kirche her. Es ist fromme Poesie, aber nicht gepredigtes Wort. Die Frage ist, wie wird dieser Glaube des 19. Jahrhunderts bestehen, wenn einmal große Anfechtungen über die Kirche kommen. Die Anfechtungen kamen, und die Antwort war der Kirchenkampf. Nach vierhundert Jahren Protestantismus dringt der Geist der Reformation wieder durch.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Vortrag über die Geschichte des evangelischen Kirchenliedes, Mitschrift, 5.8.1936, Apostel-Paulus- und Zwölf-Apostel-Kirche Berlin-Schöneberg, wiederholt im 3. Kurs in Finkenwalde, DBW 14, 714 ff.

TEXT C

Im ersten Brief aus der Haft, am 14.4.1943, schreibt Dietrich Bonhoeffer an seine Eltern:

Verzeiht, dass ich Euch Sorgen mache, aber ich glaube, daran bin diesmal weniger ich, als ein widriges Schicksal schuld. Dagegen ist es gut, Paul Gerhardt Lieder zu lesen und auswendig zu lernen, wie ich es jetzt tue.

In vielen Briefen aus der Haft findet er bei Paul Gerhardt Zuflucht, Trost und Klarheit. Im ersten Brief an seinen Freund Eberhard Bethge, der unter Umgehung der Zensur möglich ist, schreibt er am 18.11.1943:

In den ersten 12 Tagen, in denen ich hier als Schwerverbrecher abgesondert und behandelt wurde – meine Nachbarzellen sind bis heute fast nur mit gefesselten Todeskandidaten belegt – hat sich Paul Gerhardt in ungeahnter Weise bewährt, dazu die Psalmen und die Apokalypse.

In seinem Brief an Eberhard Bethge am Tag nach den gescheiterten Anschlag vom 20. Juli 1944 schreibt Dietrich Bonhoeffer:

Ich denke, Du wirst in Gedanken so oft und viel hier bei uns sein, dass Du Dich über jedes Lebenszeichen freust, auch wenn das theologische Gespräch einmal ruht. Zwar beschäftigen mich die theologischen Gedanken unablässig, aber es kommen dann doch auch Stunden, in denen man sich mit den unreflektierten Glaubensvorgängen genügen lässt. Dann freut man sich ganz einfach an den Losungen des Tages … und man kehrt zu den schönen Paul Gerhardt-Liedern zurück und ist froh über diesen Besitz. Ich habe in den letzten Jahren mehr und mehr die tiefe Diesseitigkeit des Christentums kennen und verstehen gelernt; nicht ein homo religiosus, sondern ein Mensch schlechthin ist der Christ, wie Jesus … Mensch war.“

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Brief vom 21.7.1944, DBW 8, 541.

KONTEXT

Kopf und Herz, die „theologischen Gedanken“ und die „unreflektierten Lebens- und Glaubensvorgänge“ kommen bei Dietrich Bonhoeffer in der Haft zusammen. So wird das Singen zum ‚neuen‘ Lied, „das den Menschen neu macht“ in der „tiefe[n] Diesseitigkeit“. Und so bahnt sich für ihn der Weg zum eigenen ‚neuen‘ Lied.

Paul-Gerhardt-Lieder, die bei Festen und im Verlauf des Kirchenjahrs ihren festen Sitz in der Familientradition haben, werden Dietrich zum festen Halt und Besitz. Die Hochschätzung der streitbaren Orientierung an Gottes Wort in Luthers Liedern verbindet sich mit der Entdeckung, wie sie Bonhoeffer in seinem Brief vom 4. Advent 1943 beschreibt:

„Außerdem habe ich zum ersten Mal in diesen Tagen das Lied »Ich steh an Deiner Krippe hier« für mich entdeckt. Ich hatte mir bisher nicht viel daraus gemacht Man muss wohl lange allein sein und es meditierend lesen, um es aufnehmen zu können. Es ist in jedem Wort ganz außerordentlich gefüllt und schön. Ein klein wenig mönchisch-mystisch ist es, aber doch gerade nur so viel, wie es berechtigt ist; es gibt eben neben dem Wir doch auch ein Ich und Christus, und was das bedeutet, kann gar nicht besser gesagt werden als in diesem Lied.“

Bonhoeffers Trostgedicht für Maria und seine Familie: »Von guten Mächten« ist für viele Menschen zum ‚neuen Lied‘ geworden. Es hat die Kraft, auch in uns heute „nach Dunkelheit, Sorge und Angst“ ‚neu‘ Hoffnung, Glauben und Vertrauen zu wecken.

Memorial and Place of Encounter Bonhoeffer-Haus Berlin
www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de

So much strength to resist ! Read Bonhoeffer in critical time (8)
May 8, 2020

Since May 4th, small groups of up to 5 people can visit the Bonhoeffer House. This corre-sponds to the state regulations for museums and memorials.
In addition, we keep the house “open” through the weekly blogs, in which we put Bonhoeffer texts in the historical and current context for each Sunday through Trinitatis Sunday with the aspect: »How do political resistance and mental strength to resist (resilience) belong together?« In these days, when opponents of vaccination, supporters of conspiracy theories and other anti-democrat activists claim the term “resistance” for themselves, it is all the more important – in complete contradiction to this – to perceive Bonhoeffer’s life and thinking in resistance as help for strengthening and clarifying. On May 21, 1944, the day of the baptism of his godson Dietrich Bethge, he wrote in prison at the noise of the siren “hoping that today at least you have been spared an air raid. What times these are! And what baptism! What memories for years to come! What is important is to channel all these impressions, so to speak, the right way in one’s mind; then they will just make you more defiant, harder, clearer, and that is good.”
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison, DBW 8, 395.

With warm regards and good wishes
Gottfried Brezger, chairman


CANTATE: O sing to the Lord a New Song!


TEXT A

O sing to the Lord a new song. The emphasis is on the word new. What is this new song, if it is not a song that makes someone a new person, when a person leaves darkness and worry and fear behind and breaks forth into new hope, new faith, new confidence? The new song is the one that awakens God’s presence anew in us- even if it is a very old song, of the God who, as Job says, “gives songs in the night.” The song of praise in the night of our lives, of our suffer-ings and our fear, in the night of our death – this is the new song …
O sing to the Lord a new song – and yet all our songs are only a reflection of the song of songs, which sings of eternity before the throne of Jesus Christ …Why should not we, here and now, look forward to that new song that will embrace us when we finally close our eyes, the purest, sweetest, hardest, and most violent of all songs … Lord, we hasten to join in your new song. Jesu juva – help us, Jesus. Amen.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Sermon on Psalm 98:1, London, Cantate Sunday, April 29, 1934, DBW 13, 353 ff..

TEXT B

As part of a series of events organized by the ‚Confessing Church‘ on the occasion of the Olympiad in Berlin, Dietrich Bonhoeffer describes »The inner life of the German Evangelical Church« as a story of the Evangelical hymn. In doing so, he contrasts Luther’s songs („they are without exception songs of the word“) with the songs of Paul Gerhardt:
His personal life was … characterized by great suffering. Bu in this way he became the great preacher of consolation and joy of his era. His hymns no longer testify to the great struggles of faith of early Christendom Luther sang about temptation and struggle; Paul Gerhardt sings, “Be satisfied and remain quiet”; Luther: The righteous one fights by our side”; Paul Gerhardt: “Keeper of my life, truly, it in in vain.” Luther sang: “Grant peace, we pray, in mercy Lord”; Paul Gerhardt: ”Command us your ways.” Luther sang about Christian celebrations with words of Scripture; Paul Gerhardt sang about Christian experience: “Why should I be troubled?” Paul Gerhardt died with one of these stanzas on his lips.

Bonhoeffer then turns his eyes to the song in Pietism with Zinzendorf and Gellert: The pietist seeks a devout life, the enlightener a reasonable life.
Regarding the revival song with Philipp Spitta and Julie Hausmann („So take my hands“), he notes:
It is an awakened religious life. But it all takes place alongside the church. It is pious poetry but not the preached word. The question is how this nineteenth-century faith will fare when genu-inely serious tribulations come upon the church. The tribulations came, and the response was the Church Struggle.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Presentation on the History of the Protestant Hymn (Student Notes), The Inner Life of the German Evangelical Church, DBW 14, 710 ff.

TEXT C

In his first letter from prison, on April 14th, Dietrich Bonhoeffer writes to his parents:
Forgive me for the worries I am causing you, but I believe that this time it is less myself than an adverse fate that is to blame. As an antidote it is good to read and memorize hymns of Paul Gerhardt, as I am currently doing.
In many letters from prison he finds refuge, comfort and clarity with Paul Gerhardt. In the first letter to his friend Eberhard Bethge, which is possible by circumventing censorship, he writes on November 18, 1943:
In the first twelve days here, during which I was kept isolated and treated as a dangerous crim-inal – to this day the cells on either side of mine are occupied almost exclusively by death-row prisoners in chains – Paul Gerhardt proved of value in unimagined ways, as well the Psalms and Revelation.
In his letter to Eberhard Bethge the day after the failed coup of July 20, 1944, Dietrich Bonhoef-fer writes:
I think you must be so often present in spirit with us here that you will be glad for every sign of life, even if our theological thoughts do preoccupy me incessantly, but then there are hours, too, when one is content with the ongoing processes of life and faith without reflecting on them Then the Daily Texts make you happy … And then returning to the beautiful Paul Gerhardt hymns makes one glad to have them in the repertoire. In the last few years I have come to know and understand more and more the profound this-worldliness of Christianity. The Chris-tian is not a homo religious but simply a human being, in the same way that Jesus was a hu-man being.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison, July 21, 1944, DBW 8, 541.

CONTEXT

Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s head and heart, the “theological thoughts” and the “ongoing processes of life and faith without reflecting on them” come together in prison. So singing becomes a ’new‘ song, “that makes someone a new person” in the “profound this-worldliness”. And so the way for his own „new“ song paves the way for him.

Paul Gerhardt songs, which are firmly established in the family tradition at festivals and during the church year, become Dietrich’s permanent hold and possession. The appreciation of the controversial orientation towards God’s Word in Luther’s songs is combined with the discovery described by Bonhoeffer in his letter of the 4th of Advent in 1943:
In these past few days I have discovered for myself the hymn »I stand her at your manger«. Up till now I had never really made much of it. Probably one has to be alone a long time and read it meditatively in order to be able to take it in. Every word is extraordinarily replete and radiant It’s just a little monastic- mystical, yet only as much as is warranted, for alongside the “we” there is indeed also an “I and Christ”, and what that means can scarcely be said better than in this hymn.

Bonhoeffer’s consolation poem for Maria and his family: „By Powers of Good“ has become a ’new song‘ for many people. It has the power to awaken hope, faith and trust in us today when we leave “darkness and worry and fear behind“ us, new.

So viel Widerstandskraft ! Bonhoeffer lesen in kritischen Zeiten (7) Zum 8. Mai 2020

Memorial and Place of Encounter Bonhoeffer-Haus Berlin

www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de


The huge masquerade of evil


TEXT A

Die große Maskerade des Bösen hat alle ethischen Begriffe durcheinander gewirbelt. Dass das Böse in der Gestalt des Lichts, der Wohltat, des geschichtlich Notwendigen, des sozial Gerechten erscheint, ist für den aus unserer tradierten ethischen Begriffswelt Kommenden schlechthin verwirrend; für den Christen, der aus der Bibel lebt, ist es gerade die Bestätigung der abgründigen Bosheit des Bösen.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Wer hält stand? Nach zehn Jahren, Jahreswende 1942/43, DBW 8, 20.

TEXT B

Dummheit [ideologische Abhängigkeit und Verblendung] ist ein gefährlicherer Feind des Guten als Bosheit … Um zu wissen, wie wir der Dummheit beikommen können, müssen wir ihr Wesen zu verstehen suchen. Soviel ist sicher, dass sie nicht [wesentlich] ein intellektueller, sondern ein menschlicher Defekt ist. Es gibt intellektuell außerordentlich bewegliche Menschen, die dumm sind, und intellektuell sehr Schwerfällige, die alles andere als dumm sind … Bei genauerem Zusehen zeigt sich, dass jede starke äußere Machtentfaltung, sei sie politischer oder religiöser Art, einen großen Teil der Menschen mit Dummheit schlägt. Ja, es hat den Anschein, als sei das geradezu ein soziologisch-psychologisches Gesetz. Die Macht der einen braucht die Dummheit der anderen … [Der Dumme] ist in einem Banne, er ist verblendet, er ist in seinem eigenen Wesen missbraucht, misshandelt. So zum willenlosen Instrument geworden, wird der Dumme auch zu allem Bösen fähig sein und zugleich unfähig dies als Böses zu erkennen. Hier liegt die Gefahr eines diabolischen Missbrauches, dadurch werden Menschen für immer zugrunde gerichtet werden können.

Aber es ist gerade hier auch ganz deutlich, dass nicht ein Akt der Belehrung, sondern allein ein Akt der Befreiung die Dummheit überwinden könnte. Dabei wird man sich damit abfinden müssen, dass eine echte innere Befreiung in den allermeisten Fällen erst möglich wird, nachdem die äußere Befreiung vorangegangen ist … Das Wort der Bibel, dass die Furcht Gottes der Anfang der Weisheit sei, sagt, dass die innere Befreiung des Menschen zum verantwortlichen Leben vor Gott die einzige wirkliche Überwindung der Dummheit ist.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Von der Dummheit, Nach zehn Jahren, 1942/43, DBW 8, 26 ff.

TEXT C

Die Kirche bekennt, die willkürliche Anwendung brutaler Gewalt, das leibliche und seelische Leiden unzähliger Unschuldiger, Unterdrückung, Hass, Mord, gesehen zu haben ohne ihre Stimme für sie zu erheben, ohne Wege gefunden zu haben, ihnen zu Hilfe zu eilen. Sie ist schuldig geworden am Leben der Schwächsten und Wehrlosesten Brüder Jesu Christi.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Schuld, Rechtfertigung, Erneuerung, Ethik-Manuskript 1940/41, DBW 6, 130.

KONTEXT

In der ersten und grundlegenden These der Barmer Theologischen Erklärung der Bekenntnis-synode von Barmen vom 29.-31. Mai 1934 wird die falsche Lehre verworfen, „als könne und müsse die Kirche als Quelle ihrer Verkündigung außer und neben [Jesus Christus] als dem „einen Worte Gottes auch noch andere Ereignisse und Mächte, Gestalten und Wahrheiten als Gottes Offenbarung anerkennen.“ Dennoch scheint Dietrich Bonhoeffer der einzige zu sein, der als Theologe die psychologisch-sozialen Strukturen der Ideologie der Macht genauer, wenn auch aphoristisch, in den Blick genommen hat. Seine Einsichten, die Gedanken von Hannah Arendt ab den 50-er Jahren vorwegnehmen, entsprechen den ernüchternden Erfahrungen im Widerstand unter den Bedingungen der totalitären Herrschaft des Nationalsozialismus. Wo jede kritische Instanz – wie in der biblischen Tradition die „Furcht Gottes“ – ausgeschaltet ist, wird eine „echte innere Befreiung“ des Menschen erst möglich, „nachdem die äußere Befreiung vorangegangen ist.“

Doch die Einsicht, dass „jede starke äußere Machtentfaltung … einen großen Teil der Mensch-heit mit Dummheit schlägt“ spricht die so ‚Geschlagenen‘, auch die Kirche, keineswegs von ihrer Schuld frei. Dietrich Bonhoeffers Sätze zum Verstummen und Versagen der Kirche ge-genüber den Verbrechen gegen das 5. Gebot gehören zum frühesten Schuldbekenntnis in der NS-Zeit. Zum Bekenntnis der Schuld gegenüber den Juden waren die Vertreter der ‚Beken-nenden Kirche‘ auch beim ‚Stuttgarter Schuldbekenntnis‘ im Oktober 1945 nicht bereit. Sie waren damit konfrontiert, dass die Kapitulation in der deutschen Gesellschaft von vielen in der Bevölkerung nicht als Befreiung sondern als ein neues ‚Geschlagensein‘ empfunden wurde. An der Stelle der Erinnerung gähnte das Verstummen. Hannah Arendt schreibt in ihrem Essay ‚Besuch in Deutschland, Die Nachwirkungen des Naziregimes, 1950: „Die Gleichgültigkeit, mit der sich die Deutschen durch die Trümmer bewegen, findet ihre genaue Entsprechung darin, dass niemand um die Toten trauert.“ Und sie berichtet vom Kursieren von „Geschichten über die Leiden der Deutschen, die gegen die Leiden der anderen aufgerechnet würden, wobei die ‚Leidensbilanz‘ stillschweigend als ausgeglichen gelte.“ (in: Zur Zeit. Politische Essays. Ham-burg 1999, S. 43–70).

Umso höher ist das Geschenk eines neuen Anfangs der Beziehung mit den initiativen ökume-nischen Partnern einzuschätzen. Zu ihnen gehörte George Bell, Bischof von Chichester / UK. Mit Dietrich Bonhoeffer hat ihn nicht nur das Ziel der grenzüberschreitenden „Universal Christi-an Brotherhood“ verbunden, sondern auch das Bekenntnis Dietrich Bonhoeffers bei ihrem letz-ten Treffen am 31. Mai 1942, dass mit der militärischen Niederlage Deutschlands ein Akt der Buße verbunden sein müsse: “Christians do not wish to escape repentance, or chaos if God will to bring it on us.“ (George K. Bell, Diary Notes. 13.5.-11.6.1942, DBW 16, 80 ff.)

Zusammen mit Willem Visser’t Hooft, dem Generalsekretär des in Bildung begriffenen Ökumeni-schen Rats der Kirchen, verfasste Dietrich Bonhoeffer bei seiner zweiten Reise für die Abwehr in die Schweiz im September 1941 in Genf eine Stellungnahme zu William Patons Friedensschrift „The Church and the New Order in Europe“ (Juli 1941): Darin schrieb er: „Es kommt darauf an, ob in Deutschland eine staatliche Ordnung verwirklicht wird, die sich den Geboten Gottes verant-wortlich weiß. Das wird sichtbar werden an der restlosen Beseitigung des NS-Systems einschließ-lich und speziell der Gestapo, an der Wiederherstellung der Hoheit des gleichen Rechtes für alle, an einer Presse, die der Wahrheit dient, an der Wiederherstellung der Freiheit der Kirche, das Wort Gottes in Gebot und Evangelium aller Welt zu predigen. Die ganze Frage ist, ob man in England und Amerika bereit sein wird, mit einer Regierung zu verhandeln, die auf dieser Grundlage steht, auch, wenn sie zunächst nicht im angelsächsischen Sinn des Wortes demokratisch aussieht. Eine solche Regierung könnte sich plötzlich bilden. Es käme viel darauf an, ob sie dann mit der soforti-gen Unterstützung der Alliierten rechnen könnte.“ (DBW 16, 540 f.).


Memorial and Place of Encounter Bonhoeffer-Haus Berlin

www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de

So much strength to resist ! Read Bonhoeffer in critical time (7) May 8, 2020


The huge masquerade of evil


TEXT A

The huge masquerade of evil has thrown all ethical concepts into confusion. That evil should appear in the form of light, good deeds, historical necessity, social justice is absolutely bewil-dering for one coming from the world of ethical concepts that we have received. For the Chris-tians who live by the Bible, it is the very confirmation of the abysmal wickedness of evil.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Who Stands Firm? Prolog in Letters and Papers from Prison, DBW 8, 38.

TEXT B

Stupidity is a more dangerous enemy of the good than malice … If we want to know how to get the better of stupidity, we must seek to understand its nature. This much is certain, that it is in essence not an intellectual defect but a human one. There are human beings who are of remarkably agile intellect yet stupid, and others who are intellectually quite dull yet anything but stupid … Upon closer observation it becomes apparent that every strong upsurge of power in the public sphere, be it of a political or a religious nature, infects a large part of humankind with stupidity. It would even seem that this is virtually a sociological-psychological law. The power of the one needs the stupidity of the other … [The stupid person] is under a spell, blinded, misused, and abused in his very being. Having thus become a mindless tool, the stupid person will also be capable of any evil and at the same time incapable of seeing, that it is evil. This is where the danger of diabolic misuse lurks, for it is this that can once and for all destroy human beings.

Yet at this very point it becomes quite clear that only an act of liberation, not instruction, can overcome stupidity. Here we must come to terms with the fact that in most cases a general internal liberation becomes possible only when external liberation has proceeded it …The word of the Bible, that the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom declares that the internal liberation of human beings to live the responsible life before God is the only genuine way to overcome stupidity.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, On Stupidity, Prolog in Letters and Papers from Prison, DBW 8, 43 ff.

TEXT C

The church confesses that it has witnessed the arbitrary use of brutal force, the suffering in body and soul of countless innocent people, that it has witnessed oppression, hatred, and murder without raising its voice for the victims and without finding ways of rushing to help them. It has become guilty of the lives of the weakest and most defenseless brothers and sisters of Jesus Christ.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Guilt, Justification, Renewal, Ethics-Manuscript 1940/41, DBW 6, 139.

CONTEXT

In the first and fundamental thesis of the Barmen Declaration of the Synod of the Confessing Church from 29th to 31st May 1934 the false doctrine is rejected, as though the church could and would have to acknowledge as a source of its proclamation, apart from and besides this one Word of God, still other events and powers, figures and truths, as God’s revelation.

Nevertheless, Dietrich Bonhoeffer seems to be the only one who, as a theologian, took a clos-er, view of the psychological and social structures of the ideology of power. His insights, which anticipate Hannah Arendt’s thoughts from the 1950s, correspond to the sobering experiences in resistance under the conditions of the totalitarian rule of National Socialism. Where every criti-cal instance – as in the biblical tradition the „fear of God“ – is eliminated, a „real inner liberation“ of man only becomes possible „after the external liberation has preceded.“

But the insight that „every strong upsurge of power … infects a large part of humankind with stupidity“ does not in any way release the ‘infected’, including the church, from their guilt. Die-trich Bonhoeffer’s sentences on the silence and failure of the church against the crimes against the fifth commandment belong to the earliest confession of guilt in the Nazi era. The represent-atives of the ‚Confessing Church‘ were not ready to confess the guilt towards the Jews even at the ‚Stuttgart Confession of Guilt‘ in October 1945.

They were faced with the fact that the unconditional surrender in German society was per-ceived by many in the population not as a liberation but as a being oppressed. The silence yawned in the place of the memory. Hannah Arendt wrote in her essay ‚Visit to Germany, The Aftermath of the Nazi Regime”, 1950 about the indifference with which the Germans move through the rubble finds its exact equivalent in the fact that nobody mourns the death. And she reports on the course of stories about the suffering of Germans, which would be set off against the suffering of others, whereby the ’suffering balance‘ is tacitly considered balanced. (in: Zur Zeit. Politische Essays. Hamburg 1999, S. 43–70).

The higher the gift of a new beginning of the relationship with the initiative’s ecumenical part-ners. They included George Bell, Bishop of Chichester / UK. With Dietrich Bonhoeffer, he was not only connected to the idea of the cross-border „Universal Christian Brotherhood“, but also to Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s confession at her last meeting on May 31, 1942, that Germany’s mili-tary defeat must be linked to an act of repentance: “Christians do not wish to escape repent-ance, or chaos if God will to bring it on us.“ (George K. Bell, Diary Notes. 13.5.-11.6.1942, DBW 16, 300).

Together with Willem Visser’t Hooft, the general secretary of the Ecumenical Council of Churches in formation, Dietrich Bonhoeffer wrote a statement on his second trip to Switzerland in Geneva in September 1941 on William Paton’s peace letter „The Church and the New Order in Europe” (July 1941): He wrote: “What matters is whether a state order in Germany is realized that acknowledges its responsibility to the commands of God. That will become evident in the total removal of the Nazi system, including and especially the Gestapo; in the restoration of the sovereignty of equal rights for all; in a press that serves the truth; in the restoration of the free-dom of the church to proclaim the word of God in command and gospel to all the world. The entire question is whether people in England and America will be prepared to negotiate with a government that is formed on this basis even if it initially does not appear to be democratic in the Anglo-Saxon sense of the word. Such a government could establish at once. Much would de-pend on whether it could count on the immediate support of the Allies. (DBW 16, 532).

So much strength to resist ! Read Bonhoeffer in critical time (7) May 8, 2020

Memorial and Place of Encounter Bonhoeffer-Haus Berlin

www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de


The huge masquerade of evil


TEXT A

The huge masquerade of evil has thrown all ethical concepts into confusion. That evil should appear in the form of light, good deeds, historical necessity, social justice is absolutely bewil-dering for one coming from the world of ethical concepts that we have received. For the Chris-tians who live by the Bible, it is the very confirmation of the abysmal wickedness of evil.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Who Stands Firm? Prolog in Letters and Papers from Prison, DBW 8, 38.

TEXT B

Stupidity is a more dangerous enemy of the good than malice … If we want to know how to get the better of stupidity, we must seek to understand its nature. This much is certain, that it is in essence not an intellectual defect but a human one. There are human beings who are of remarkably agile intellect yet stupid, and others who are intellectually quite dull yet anything but stupid … Upon closer observation it becomes apparent that every strong upsurge of power in the public sphere, be it of a political or a religious nature, infects a large part of humankind with stupidity. It would even seem that this is virtually a sociological-psychological law. The power of the one needs the stupidity of the other … [The stupid person] is under a spell, blinded, misused, and abused in his very being. Having thus become a mindless tool, the stupid person will also be capable of any evil and at the same time incapable of seeing, that it is evil. This is where the danger of diabolic misuse lurks, for it is this that can once and for all destroy human beings.

Yet at this very point it becomes quite clear that only an act of liberation, not instruction, can overcome stupidity. Here we must come to terms with the fact that in most cases a general internal liberation becomes possible only when external liberation has proceeded it …The word of the Bible, that the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom declares that the internal liberation of human beings to live the responsible life before God is the only genuine way to overcome stupidity.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, On Stupidity, Prolog in Letters and Papers from Prison, DBW 8, 43 ff.

TEXT C

The church confesses that it has witnessed the arbitrary use of brutal force, the suffering in body and soul of countless innocent people, that it has witnessed oppression, hatred, and murder without raising its voice for the victims and without finding ways of rushing to help them. It has become guilty of the lives of the weakest and most defenseless brothers and sisters of Jesus Christ.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Guilt, Justification, Renewal, Ethics-Manuscript 1940/41, DBW 6, 139.

CONTEXT

In the first and fundamental thesis of the Barmen Declaration of the Synod of the Confessing Church from 29th to 31st May 1934 the false doctrine is rejected, as though the church could and would have to acknowledge as a source of its proclamation, apart from and besides this one Word of God, still other events and powers, figures and truths, as God’s revelation.

Nevertheless, Dietrich Bonhoeffer seems to be the only one who, as a theologian, took a clos-er, view of the psychological and social structures of the ideology of power. His insights, which anticipate Hannah Arendt’s thoughts from the 1950s, correspond to the sobering experiences in resistance under the conditions of the totalitarian rule of National Socialism. Where every criti-cal instance – as in the biblical tradition the „fear of God“ – is eliminated, a „real inner liberation“ of man only becomes possible „after the external liberation has preceded.“

But the insight that „every strong upsurge of power … infects a large part of humankind with stupidity“ does not in any way release the ‘infected’, including the church, from their guilt. Die-trich Bonhoeffer’s sentences on the silence and failure of the church against the crimes against the fifth commandment belong to the earliest confession of guilt in the Nazi era. The represent-atives of the ‚Confessing Church‘ were not ready to confess the guilt towards the Jews even at the ‚Stuttgart Confession of Guilt‘ in October 1945.

They were faced with the fact that the unconditional surrender in German society was per-ceived by many in the population not as a liberation but as a being oppressed. The silence yawned in the place of the memory. Hannah Arendt wrote in her essay ‚Visit to Germany, The Aftermath of the Nazi Regime”, 1950 about the indifference with which the Germans move through the rubble finds its exact equivalent in the fact that nobody mourns the death. And she reports on the course of stories about the suffering of Germans, which would be set off against the suffering of others, whereby the ’suffering balance‘ is tacitly considered balanced. (in: Zur Zeit. Politische Essays. Hamburg 1999, S. 43–70).

The higher the gift of a new beginning of the relationship with the initiative’s ecumenical part-ners. They included George Bell, Bishop of Chichester / UK. With Dietrich Bonhoeffer, he was not only connected to the idea of the cross-border „Universal Christian Brotherhood“, but also to Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s confession at her last meeting on May 31, 1942, that Germany’s mili-tary defeat must be linked to an act of repentance: “Christians do not wish to escape repent-ance, or chaos if God will to bring it on us.“ (George K. Bell, Diary Notes. 13.5.-11.6.1942, DBW 16, 300).

Together with Willem Visser’t Hooft, the general secretary of the Ecumenical Council of Churches in formation, Dietrich Bonhoeffer wrote a statement on his second trip to Switzerland in Geneva in September 1941 on William Paton’s peace letter „The Church and the New Order in Europe” (July 1941): He wrote: “What matters is whether a state order in Germany is realized that acknowledges its responsibility to the commands of God. That will become evident in the total removal of the Nazi system, including and especially the Gestapo; in the restoration of the sovereignty of equal rights for all; in a press that serves the truth; in the restoration of the free-dom of the church to proclaim the word of God in command and gospel to all the world. The entire question is whether people in England and America will be prepared to negotiate with a government that is formed on this basis even if it initially does not appear to be democratic in the Anglo-Saxon sense of the word. Such a government could establish at once. Much would de-pend on whether it could count on the immediate support of the Allies. (DBW 16, 532).

So much strength to resist ! Read Bonhoeffer in critical time (6) May 3, 2020

Memorial and Place of Encounter Bonhoeffer-Haus Berlin
www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de

_________________________________________________________

If anyone is in Christ, there is a new creation:
everything old has passed away; see, everything has become new!
Bible for Sunday Jubilate from 2 Corinthians 5:17
__________________________________________________________

TEXT A

The miracle of Christ’s resurrection has overturned the idolization of death that rules among us … Where death is final, earthly life is all or nothing …
Where, however, it is recognized that the power of death has been broken, where the miracle of the resurrection and new life shines right into the world of death, there one demands no eter-nities from life. One takes from life what it offers, not all or nothing, but good things and bad, important things and unimportant, joy and pain. One doesn’t cling anxiously to life, but neither does one throw it lightly away. One is content with measured time and does not attribute eterni-ty to earthly things. One leaves to death the limited right that it still has. But one expects the new human being and the new world only from beyond death, from the power that has con-quered death.
Within the risen Christ the new humanity is borne, the final, sovereign Yes of God to the new human being … The night is not yet over; but day is already dawning … The form of Jesus Christ alone victoriously encounters the world. From this form proceeds all the formation of a world reconciled with God.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Ethics as Formation, 1940, DBW English Version, volume 6, 91 f.

TEXT B

How did you spend Easter? Where you in Rome? How did you manage your homesickness? … For me the first warm days of spring are somehow wrenching, as they probably are for you. When nature comes into its own again but the tensions in our own lives and the historical com-munities in which we live remain unresolved, we feel the split especially strongly. Or it may just be a sense of longing, and perhaps it’s good for us to long for something again. For myself at any rate I must say that for many long years I have been living, not without goals and work to do and hopes that completely absorbed me, but without personal yearnings, and perhaps that makes one old before one’s time. Everything has become too “objective” [sachlich]. Almost everyone nowadays has goals and work to do. It’s all tremendously objectified and thingified. But who today can still afford strong personal feelings, real yearnings, and take the trouble and spend the energy to carry around a sense of longing within him, to explore it and let it bear fruit?

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letter from April 11, 1944 to Eberhard Bethge, DBW English Version, vol-ume 8, 351.

CONTEXT

These are two very different texts related to the miracle of resurrection and Easter. When placed side by side, they show how head and heart, theological knowledge and sensual experi-ence belong together in Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s life and work. This connection has a special meaning for me – and I think also for many others – in the encounter with him.

Bonhoeffer’s theological knowledge and sensual sensation are both subject to split, longing.

In prison, Dietrich Bonhoeffer lives intensely with the church year. Its structure gives it inner support especially until the execution of the plot. One year after his arrest, he wrote to Eber-hard Bethge on April 11, 1944:

“I have long had a particular affection for this season between Easter and Ascension Day. Here, too, there is a great tension. How should people endure tensions here on earth when they know nothing of the tension between heaven and earth?”

How do we endure the split when “the first warm days of spring” are upon us and our inner na-ture longs to join the outer nature, if only the virus, which is also part of nature, would not pre-vent us from doing so? How do we succeed in our praying and doing that we do not turn about ourselves and the prescribed distance of 1.50 m from the other becomes the inscribed felt infi-nite distance? How do we stay connected to each other and perceive the needs of the near and distant others and, together with others, take care not to leave anyone behind?

For Dietrich Bonhoeffer, knowing “the tension between heaven and earth” means trusting in the conquest of death by the risen Christ. The split still exists, the longing remains alive: „The night is not yet over; but day is already dawning.“

In the early morning dawn, believers experience the world in two ways: as the place of „the idolization of death“ and at the same time as the place of life into which „the miracle of the res-urrection and new life shines into the world of death.“ JUBILATE!

The expectation of the „new human being“ and the „new world“ is not a unique characteristic of the Christian faith. It also occurs in other religions and ideologies and it can be politically mis-used. In Bonhoeffer’s time this happened from this side, within the world – with all the signs of „idolization of death“ – in the Nazi state. The expectation “only from beyond death, from the power that has conquered death” is not an escape from this world, but resistance against this abuse on this side. This expectation is reminiscent of the first thesis of the theological declara-tion of the Barmen Confession:

“Jesus Christ, as he is attested for us in holy scripture, is the one Word of God which we have to hear and which we have to trust and obey in life and in death.
We reject the false doctrine, as though the church could and would have to acknowledge as a source of its proclamation, apart from and besides this one Word of God, still other events and powers, figures and truths, as God’s revelation.”

The „new life“ takes shape in our new focus on life. It resists forces of „idolization of death“, hatred, disenfranchisement, violence, war and its preparation. It „takes … from life what it of-fers“ and thus does justice to reality. It takes responsibility for the own life and the lives of oth-ers.
“The final, sovereign Yes of God to the new human being” encourages us to act in the area of the penultimate, guided by the vision to be part of the “formation of a world reconciled with God.”

Christ, light of the whole world,
takes power from the darkness,
everything is put in the light
what keeps the world captive.

So viel Widerstandskraft ! Bonhoeffer lesen in kritischen Zeiten (6) 3. Mai 2020

Erinnerungs- und Begegnungsstätte Bonhoeffer-Haus
www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de
_______________________________________________

Ist jemand in Christus, so ist er eine neue Kreatur;
das Alte ist vergangen, siehe, Neues ist geworden.
Wochenspruch zum Sonntag Jubilate aus 2. Korinther 5,17
_______________________________________________

TEXT A

Das Wunder der Auferstehung Christi hebt die Vergötzung des Todes, wie sie unter uns herrscht, aus den Angeln. Wo der Tod das Letzte ist, dort verbindet sich die Furcht vor ihm mit dem Trotz. Wo der Tod das Letzte ist, dort ist das irdische Leben alles oder nichts …
Wo aber erkannt wird, dass die Macht des Todes gebrochen ist, wo das Wunder der Auferste-hung und des neuen Lebens mitten in die Todeswelt hineinleuchtet, dort verlangt man vom Le-ben keine Ewigkeiten, dort nimmt man vom Leben, was es gibt, nicht Alles oder Nichts, son-dern Gutes und Böses, Wichtiges und Unwichtiges, Freude und Schmerz, dort hält man das Leben nicht krampfhaft fest, aber man wirft es auch nicht leichtsinnig fort, dort begnügt man sich mit der bemessenen Zeit und spricht nicht irdischen Dingen Ewigkeit zu, dort lässt man dem Tod das begrenzte Recht, das er noch hat. Den neuen Menschen und die neue Welt aber erwartet man allein von jenseits des Todes her, von der Macht, die den Tod überwunden hat. Der auferstandene Christus trägt die neue Menschheit in sich, das letzte herrliche Ja Gottes zum neuen Menschen … Die Nacht ist noch nicht vorüber, aber es tagt schon … Die Gestalt Jesu Christi ist es, die der Welt siegreich begegnet. Von dieser Gestalt geht alle Gestaltung einer mit Gott versöhnten Welt aus.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Ethik als Gestaltung, 1940, DBW 6, 78 ff.

TEXT B

Wie magst Du Ostern verbracht haben? Ob Du in Rom warst? Wie bist du der Sehnsucht nach Hause Herr geworden? … Ich finde, dass die ersten warmen Frühlingstage etwas an mir rei-ßen; das wird Dir ähnlich gehen. Wenn die Natur wieder zu sich zurückfindet, aber das eigene Leben und die geschichtlichen Gemeinschaften, in denen wir leben, noch in ungelöster Span-nung verharren, dann empfinden wir den Zwiespalt besonders stark; oder eigentlich ist es wohl gar nichts anderes als Sehnsucht, und es ist vielleicht ganz gut, dass wir diese wieder einmal stark empfinden; von mir persönlich muss ich jedenfalls sagen, dass ich viele Jahre lang zwar nicht ohne Ziele und Aufgaben und Hoffnungen, in denen man ganz aufging, aber doch ohne persönliche Sehnsucht gelebt habe; und man ist vielleicht dadurch vorzeitig alt geworden. Alles ist dadurch zu „sachlich“ geworden; Ziele und Aufgaben haben heute fast alle Menschen, alles ist ungeheuer versachlicht, verdinglicht, aber wer leistet sich heute noch ein starkes persönli-ches Gefühl, eine wirkliche Sehnsucht, wer macht sich die Mühe und wer verschwendet seine Kraft darauf, eine Sehnsucht in sich auszutragen, zu verarbeiten und ihre Früchte tragen zu lassen?
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Brief vom 11.4.1944 an Eberhard Bethge, DBW 8, 389 f.

KONTEXT

Das sind zwei ganz unterschiedliche Texte, die sich auf das Wunder der Auferstehung und auf Ostern beziehen. Sie zeigen – nebeneinander gestellt – wie im Leben und Werk Dietrich Bon-hoeffers Kopf und Herz, theologische Erkenntnis und sinnliche Erfahrung zusammengehören. Diese Verbindung hat für mich – und ich denke, auch für viele andere – in der Begegnung mit ihm eine besondere Bedeutung.

Theologische Erkenntnis und sinnliche Empfindung stehen bei Bonhoeffer beide unter dem Vorbehalt des Zwiespalts, der Sehnsucht.

In der Haft lebt Dietrich Bonhoeffer intensiv mit dem Kirchenjahr. Dessen Struktur gibt seinem Aushalten bis zum erwarteten Umsturzversuch inneren Halt. Ein Jahr nach seiner Verhaftung schreibt er am 11.4.1944 an Eberhard Bethge:
„Die Zeit zwischen Ostern und Himmelfahrt habe ich seit langem besonders geliebt. Auch hier geht es ja um eine große Spannung. Wie sollen Menschen wohl irdische Spannungen aushal-ten, wenn sie von der Spannung zwischen Himmel und Erde nichts wissen?“

Wie halten wir den Zwiespalt aus, wenn „die ersten warmen Frühlingstage“ an uns reißen und unsere innere Natur sich danach sehnt, sich der äußeren Natur anzuschließen, wenn uns nur nicht das Virus, das auch zur Natur gehört, daran hindern würde? Wie gelingt es uns in unse-rem Beten und Tun, dass wir uns nicht um uns selber drehen und der vorgeschriebene Abstand von 1,50 m vom Andern zur eingeschriebenen gefühlt unendlichen Distanz wird? Wie bleiben wir einander verbunden und nehmen die Not der nahen und fernen Andern wahr und achten zusammen mit Andern darauf, niemand zurückzulassen?

„Von der Spannung zwischen Himmel und Erde“ zu wissen bedeutet für Dietrich Bonhoeffer, auf die Überwindung des Todes durch den auferstandenen Christus zu vertrauen. Der Zwie-spalt bleibt erhalten, die Sehnsucht bleibt lebendig: „Die Nacht ist noch nicht vorüber, aber es tagt schon.“

In der tagenden Nacht erfahren die Glaubenden die Welt in doppelter Weise: als den Ort der „Vergötzung des Todes“ und zugleich als den Ort des Lebens, in die „das Wunder der Auferste-hung und des neuen Lebens mitten in die Todeswelt hineinleuchtet.“ JUBILATE!

Die Erwartung des „neuen Menschen“ und der „neuen Welt“ ist nicht allein dem christlichen Glauben eigen. Sie begegnet uns auch in anderen Religionen und Ideologien und kann politisch missbraucht werden. Zur Zeit Bonhoeffers ist das im NS-Staat von diesseits her, innerweltlich – mit allen Zeichen der „Vergötzung des Todes“ – geschehen. Die Erwartung „allein von jenseits des Todes her, von der Macht, die den Tod überwunden hat“, ist keine Flucht aus der Diesseitig-keit, sondern diesseitiger Widerstand gegen diesen Missbrauch. Diese Erwartung erinnert an die 1. These der Theologischen Erklärung der Bekenntnissynode von Barmen:

„Jesus Christus, wie er uns in der Heiligen Schrift bezeugt wird, ist das eine Wort Gottes, das wir zu hören, dem wir im Leben und im Sterben zu vertrauen und zu gehorchen haben.
Wir verwerfen die falsche Lehre, als könne und müsse die Kirche als Quelle ihrer Verkündi-gung außer und neben diesem einen Worte Gottes auch noch andere Ereignisse und Mächte, Gestalten und Wahrheiten als Gottes Offenbarung anerkennen.“

Das „neue Leben“ gewinnt Gestalt in unserer neuen Zuwendung zum Leben. Sie widersteht Kräften der „Vergötzung des Todes“, des Hasses, der Entrechtung, der Gewalt, des Krieges und seiner Vorbereitung. Sie „nimmt … vom Leben, was es gibt“ und wird so der Wirklichkeit gerecht. Sie übernimmt Verantwortung für das eigene Leben und das Leben der Andern.
„Das letzte herrliche Ja Gottes zum neuen Menschen“ ermutigt uns zum Handeln im Bereich des Vorletzten, geleitet von der Vision der „Gestaltung einer mit Gott versöhnten Welt.“

Christus, Licht der ganzen Welt,
nimmt der Finsternis die Macht,
alles wird ins Licht gestellt,
was die Welt gefangen hält.

——————————————————

Memorial and Place of Encounter Bonhoeffer-Haus Berlin
www.bonhoeffer-haus-berlin.de

_________________________________________________________
If anyone is in Christ, there is a new creation:
everything old has passed away; see, everything has become new!
Bible for Sunday Jubilate from 2 Corinthians 5:17
__________________________________________________________

TEXT A

The miracle of Christ’s resurrection has overturned the idolization of death that rules among us … Where death is final, earthly life is all or nothing …
Where, however, it is recognized that the power of death has been broken, where the miracle of the resurrection and new life shines right into the world of death, there one demands no eter-nities from life. One takes from life what it offers, not all or nothing, but good things and bad, important things and unimportant, joy and pain. One doesn’t cling anxiously to life, but neither does one throw it lightly away. One is content with measured time and does not attribute eterni-ty to earthly things. One leaves to death the limited right that it still has. But one expects the new human being and the new world only from beyond death, from the power that has con-quered death.
Within the risen Christ the new humanity is borne, the final, sovereign Yes of God to the new human being … The night is not yet over; but day is already dawning … The form of Jesus Christ alone victoriously encounters the world. From this form proceeds all the formation of a world reconciled with God.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Ethics as Formation, 1940, DBW English Version, volume 6, 91 f.

TEXT B

How did you spend Easter? Where you in Rome? How did you manage your homesickness? … For me the first warm days of spring are somehow wrenching, as they probably are for you. When nature comes into its own again but the tensions in our own lives and the historical com-munities in which we live remain unresolved, we feel the split especially strongly. Or it may just be a sense of longing, and perhaps it’s good for us to long for something again. For myself at any rate I must say that for many long years I have been living, not without goals and work to do and hopes that completely absorbed me, but without personal yearnings, and perhaps that makes one old before one’s time. Everything has become too “objective” [sachlich]. Almost everyone nowadays has goals and work to do. It’s all tremendously objectified and thingified. But who today can still afford strong personal feelings, real yearnings, and take the trouble and spend the energy to carry around a sense of longing within him, to explore it and let it bear fruit?

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letter from April 11, 1944 to Eberhard Bethge, DBW English Version, vol-ume 8, 351.

CONTEXT

These are two very different texts related to the miracle of resurrection and Easter. When placed side by side, they show how head and heart, theological knowledge and sensual experi-ence belong together in Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s life and work. This connection has a special meaning for me – and I think also for many others – in the encounter with him.

Bonhoeffer’s theological knowledge and sensual sensation are both subject to split, longing.

In prison, Dietrich Bonhoeffer lives intensely with the church year. Its structure gives it inner support especially until the execution of the plot. One year after his arrest, he wrote to Eber-hard Bethge on April 11, 1944:

“I have long had a particular affection for this season between Easter and Ascension Day. Here, too, there is a great tension. How should people endure tensions here on earth when they know nothing of the tension between heaven and earth?”

How do we endure the split when “the first warm days of spring” are upon us and our inner na-ture longs to join the outer nature, if only the virus, which is also part of nature, would not pre-vent us from doing so? How do we succeed in our praying and doing that we do not turn about ourselves and the prescribed distance of 1.50 m from the other becomes the inscribed felt infi-nite distance? How do we stay connected to each other and perceive the needs of the near and distant others and, together with others, take care not to leave anyone behind?

For Dietrich Bonhoeffer, knowing “the tension between heaven and earth” means trusting in the conquest of death by the risen Christ. The split still exists, the longing remains alive: „The night is not yet over; but day is already dawning.“

In the early morning dawn, believers experience the world in two ways: as the place of „the idolization of death“ and at the same time as the place of life into which „the miracle of the res-urrection and new life shines into the world of death.“ JUBILATE!

The expectation of the „new human being“ and the „new world“ is not a unique characteristic of the Christian faith. It also occurs in other religions and ideologies and it can be politically mis-used. In Bonhoeffer’s time this happened from this side, within the world – with all the signs of „idolization of death“ – in the Nazi state. The expectation “only from beyond death, from the power that has conquered death” is not an escape from this world, but resistance against this abuse on this side. This expectation is reminiscent of the first thesis of the theological declara-tion of the Barmen Confession:

“Jesus Christ, as he is attested for us in holy scripture, is the one Word of God which we have to hear and which we have to trust and obey in life and in death.
We reject the false doctrine, as though the church could and would have to acknowledge as a source of its proclamation, apart from and besides this one Word of God, still other events and powers, figures and truths, as God’s revelation.”

The „new life“ takes shape in our new focus on life. It resists forces of „idolization of death“, hatred, disenfranchisement, violence, war and its preparation. It „takes … from life what it of-fers“ and thus does justice to reality. It takes responsibility for the own life and the lives of oth-ers.
“The final, sovereign Yes of God to the new human being” encourages us to act in the area of the penultimate, guided by the vision to be part of the “formation of a world reconciled with God.”

Christ, light of the whole world,
takes power from the darkness,
everything is put in the light
what keeps the world captive.